Free College Papers Online - Not Just For Kids Anymore

Free College Papers Online - Not Just For Kids AnymoreCollege papers online is one of the best tools available for students to get their work done and get it done quickly. While there are many resources available, it's important to know what you're looking for and what works best.Paper jamming happens. As much as we'd like to avoid it, it happens all too often. When paper jams happen, people who can't get their work done can take advantage of online free college papers.Imagine this scenario. An entire class is standing in line at a campus bookstore when suddenly they hear someone say, 'Paper Jam!' Students are told that a student who was late bought a lot of paper and she couldn't find any paper when she came back from lunch. She then asks if there's anyone who would like to buy her paper and a student approaches them and says, 'Sure, let me just come back later.'Now, you might be thinking, 'If this happened at my school, I would be so embarrassed. The entire school would be laughing at me. How embarrassing!' And rightfully so, it wouldn't be nice to be made fun of for your own paper jams.However, the reality is that while paper jams do happen, most students can't help but have paper jams. And the reason for this is that the job market is competitive. There are lots of other college students, and even many adult students, who are getting into the college game to take advantage of the free government loans and grants. Since these scholarships and grants are geared towards low income, education will not be very affordable for a lot of students.When you find yourself having a paper jam, you are already in the running for a grant or scholarship. Now, what should you do?The first thing you should do is find out what those papers are and find out how to get it done.So, when you find yourself in a paper jam, stop for a minute and think about what you need to get done. If you can't get it done on time, then don't worry, you'll get it done at some point. The paper jam m ay even be an opportunity for you to get another class started. Get a few classes started to take advantage of the free paper.To prevent yourself from having a paper jam, make sure you can always get a copy of the assignment out on the spot. No more leaving it behind on your desk or in the mail or at lunch. If you don't do this, then you could find yourself in a paper jam.

How Do You Use Essay Writing Sample?

How Do You Use Essay Writing Sample?Using essay writing samples to write your own MBA is a great way to prove that you know how to write a good thesis. The basic thesis for every MBA is to establish that you can learn from other people. You can learn much from your mentors and colleagues, from your teachers, and from your mentors' students. That is why you need to write your own essay if you are planning to graduate in the next couple of years.If you want to earn your MBA online, you have to make sure that you have a good idea of how to teach and what you can learn from your fellow students. You have to show that you can be your own mentor, but you have to be able to develop your own style of teaching too.In order to do this, you have to be sure that you have the proper information on how to do your MBA essay. This is the first step. The information is a little bit difficult to come by. Some writing samples might actually help you develop your own style of teaching and development of your own career, but they might not lead you to your goal.It is not a problem if you are having trouble with your own essay, as the most popular essay writers will be able to help you with your education in writing your own MBA essay. You just have to be aware of the problem. If you want to know more about writing the essay, you should do research on a site that can help you with the needed information and tips.The question is how do you go about writing an MBA thesis. The answer is not necessarily written all in one shot. You should break your writing down into segments and write an essay in each segment. For example, if you wanted to do a review of the financial institution, you could do it one section at a time, but you can't doa 'separate essay' if you have already written a summary.You might need to learn about different types of texts that would help you break down the information in your MBA essay. You should study about financial statements and salary details. You should al so learn about interviews and presentations that could be used to develop the cover letters that you can present to various people in the business world.If you are at a loss, you should use a website that will actually take you through all of the study. This will save you a lot of time. You should also read up on different types of essay writing samples. You can also do research on these people to find some tips to help you with your own career in the future.

The Biblical Passage Of Jesus - 1411 Words

Throughout the Gospel we are exposed to the notions of materialism and wealth and we can see how it is easy for this emphasis on such temptations to colour and erode the spiritual priority that should characterize the church (AG, 2014). In the biblical passage, Jesus reminds the rich young man that obedience to the Ten Commandments is necessary in order to â€Å"inherit eternal life†. The Commandments are essential points of reference if we are to live in love, to distinguish clearly between good and evil, and to build a life plan that is solid and enduring. Jesus is asking us too, whether we know the Commandments, whether we are trying to form our conscience according to God’s law, and putting the Commandments into practice (Benedict XVI, 2010). The rich young man was seeking to enter the eternal kingdom of heaven, and although he had kept the Commandments, what was keeping the rich young man from spiritual perfection was his love of money. As the apostle Paul wrote, à ¢â‚¬Å"For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil. Some people, eager for money, have wandered from the faith and pierced themselves with many grief’s† (1 Timothy 6:10). Jesus, who lived his life in humility and obscurity, never accumulating wealth or possessions (AG, 2014), asked the young man, â€Å"Go, sell your possessions and give to the poor, and then you will have treasure in heaven†. Whatever is standing in our way, keeping us from perfection and maturity is an obstacle that can keep us out of the kingdom ofShow MoreRelatedBibl 3501241 Words   |  5 PagesWrite out what the passage meant for the biblical audience using past tense verbs and refer to the biblical audience.)p.42 2) Measure the width of the river to the cross. (differences in culture, language, situation, time, and covenant)(You will take a good hard look at the river and determine just how wide it is for the passage you are studying and look for differences in situations of today and the situation of the biblical audience. If you are studying an OT passage, also be sure to identifyRead MoreThe Misunderstood Jew : The Church And The Scandal Of The Jewish Jesus Essay1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe Church and the Scandal of the Jewish Jesus proves to be a highly informative resource when trying to understand the intricate relationship between Christianity and Judaism. Levine’s primary objective seems to be a desire to address the idea that there is a vast, irreconcilable disparity between the beliefs and practices of Christians and Jews. Levine’s central argument focuses upon a common misperception of this dissimilarity: it is the result of Jesus being in direct opposition to Ju daism. FurthermoreRead More Biblical References in Grapes of Wrath Essay1287 Words   |  6 PagesIn his novel Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck integrated many biblical references and values throughout the book. This provided a more intriguing and complex style of writing that he used to tell about the Dust Bowl of the early 1900’s and the arduous journey the Joad family and many others took to reach California. The first biblical reference is revealed when the Joad family leaves for California. â€Å"the rest swarmed up on top of the load, Connie and Rose of Sharon, Pa and Uncle John, Ruthie andRead MoreChristians Should Study Greek Philosophy893 Words   |  4 PagesChristianity, there have been many different ideas on how a Christian should interact with the world in which they lived. From the biblical writings of The Gospel according to Matthew, and The Acts of the Apostles, to the non-biblical writings of On Philosophy, and The Prescription Against Heretics, the ideas of Christianity were brought together. The two non-biblical documents highlight the arguments of whether or not Christians should study Greek philosophy. The books from The Bible showed thatRead MoreThe Biblical Inspiration Of The Sacred Scripture1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe Biblical Inspiration Inspiration of the Sacred Scripture God is the absolute Being: â€Å"He has made everything suitable for its time; moreover he has put a sense of past and future into their minds† (Ecclesiastes 3:11). God reveals himself to humanity particularly through human language . Divine Revelation is personal and relational. The meaning of God’s revelation is included his words and actions given for the salvation of humanity. Interestingly, â€Å"revelation is rooted in the oral proclamationRead MoreThe Most Influential Text is the Bible1558 Words   |  6 Pagesfound within the Bible is the concept of leprosy. The Bible mentions leprosy in a variety of places, which include segments from both the Old Testament and the New Testament. From the book of Exodus to the Holy Gospels of Jesus Christ, leprosy is an ever-present aspect of biblical society. The sufferers of leprosy in the Bible often fall under extreme social chastisement and are commonly subject to segregation from society in accordance with ancient scr ipture (Leviticus 13.46 New Revised Standard Version)Read MoreDo Not Worry from the Gospel of Matthew Essay1114 Words   |  5 PagesDo Not Worry from the Gospel of Matthew This excerpt from the passage of Do Not Worry, from the Gospel of Matthew deals with issues such as faith, single-mindedness and worrying. Faith is an important part of this passage. To the people of biblical times, this passage spoke out a certain message -- whoever has faith, will be taken care of by God. He will know who has been faithful and believes in him and He will take care of them. God takes care of things as insignificant as lilies andRead MoreThe Between Moses And Jesus1719 Words   |  7 Pagesand placed Mosaic motifs along with the story of Jesus of Nazareth. In doing so, the parallel between Moses and Jesus is a dominant theme that makes the New Testament both slightly predictable while also reinforcing Jesus’s role as the â€Å"lawgiver.† This archetype is interesting because religion is dominated by rules, and at the most basic level, the prophets created the rules in which followers of religion live by. The link between Moses and Jesus is inextricable and undeniable, causing the relationshipRead MoreThe Religion Of Jesus Christ Is True God And True Man1735 Words   |  7 Pagesis that Jesus was born both and lived as both completely man and completely divine. This idea of Jesus being a unity of completely God and completely human is referred to in the Catholic faith as the â€Å"hypostatic union†. Per the catechism, the statement on the hypostatic union is, â€Å"He became truly man while remaining truly God. Jesus Christ is true God and true man.† This belief is one of the key statements in the Nicene Creed, which is the Catholic profession of faith. The belief that Jesus was twoRead MoreSlavery : A Rough Draft1315 Words   |  6 Pageslesser people. They were forced to work without pay, in one of the most unforgiving occupations, farming. All this because of where they were from and the color of their skin. Despite this, many people actually defended slavery using the bible. Passages such as St. Paul’s Letter to the Colossians approves slaves where he writes, â€Å"Slaves, obey your human master in everything, not only when being watc hed, as currying favor, but in simplicity of heart, fearing the Lord.† However, due to the inhumanity

Audit and Assurance Capital Expenditure Committee

Question: Discuss about the Audit and Assurance for Capital Expenditure Committee. Answer: Auditor of Audit Limited is required to perform following test of control in order to assess the operative efficiency of non-current assets: Capital expenditure committee: Observation can be applied by the auditor to observe a business process in action. In this manner, the viability of transaction can be assessed to assure that funds are utilised in right projects after having sanctioned by authorised person (Boyle and Lloyd, 2013). Recording of asset- For this aspect test of Information Processing and Physical evaluation will be applied by auditors. By use of these test of controls, written information will be checked with the physical presence of assets. For this purpose, counting will be done in records as well as physically. Further, the randomly serial number will be checked to match the corresponding assets. Good received a note: Test of Performance Reviews will be applied for the audit of this transaction to check entire process and its viability. With this method, appropriate comments can be provided by the auditor. Periodical internal audit: For this operational activity, Segregation of Duties will be applied to check that evaluating authority is not a person in charge (William Jr, Glover and Prawitt, 2016). Further, criteria and viability of audit will be checked to determine the extent of reliance on work of internal auditors. Access to non-current assets: For this transaction test of Authorisation will be applied to check the action of senior authority regarding approval of the entire process. With this auditor can assure that authorised parties are not in a position to make misuse of assets. By applying above described test of controls, auditor of Audit Limited can assess the operative efficiency of non-current assets. References Boyle, E.J. Lloyd, S., (2013). Writing Audit Programs For Tests of Controls: A Practice-Based Pedagogical Approach. The Accounting Educators' Journal, 23. William Jr, M., Glover, S. Prawitt, D., (2016). Auditing and assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Education.

Tax Return Position Paper free essay sample

Tax laws come from several sources and each source has a particular amount of rein over the laws conducted. Sources, such as the IRC, have a defined amount of say in the laws and the consequences. The way a law is interpreted and applied is also a very large part of tax law. Tax research is how tax laws are defined and followed for individual facts (Anderson, Pope Kramer 2010) Sources of Tax Law The primary and secondary sources of tax law are the Internal Revenue Code, United States Tax Court, United States district courts, Court of Federal Claims, federal ircuit courts, United States Supreme Court, Treasury Regulations, Internal Revenue Bulletin, Revenue rulings, Revenue Procedures, Notices, Announcements, Private Letter Rulings, Technical Advice Memoranda, BNA Tax management portfolios, and Law of Federal Income Taxation (Anderson, Pope Kramer 2010). The Internal Revenue Code, Title 26 of United States Code, was first created in 1939 and was redefined in 1954. We will write a custom essay sample on Tax Return Position Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Changes made to the IRC replace old information so it is always currently defined what the laws are. This is the main source of tax law. Treasury Regulations are decisions made which can illustrate the IRC. There are proposed, temporary, and final regulations. Proposed regulations are proposed but not made final, temporary regulations are the process of making a proposal final, and have less authoritative weight, than final regulations which are the final regulation. If laws are undetermined by the IRC and the Treasury Department hearings go to court. U. S. Tax Court, U. S. Court of Federal Claims and U. S district courts are the choices of presenting litigation in which laws are interpreted into rulings and claims can etermine specific facts of the laws and regulations. The U. S. Supreme Court hears important tax claims presented after a loss in the other courts. The Internal Revenue Bulletin list rulings the IRS will use in future cases and ones it will not. Revenue Rulings and Revenue Procedures are listed in this bulletin. Announcements and notices are the posting of a tax act before it is determined proposed, temporary, or legislation (UWE, 2012). Substantial Authority Substantial Authority is when different treatment of the law or the consequence is applicable. The IRS makes rulings that are not as authoritative as Treasury Regulations and court cases. These IRS rulings do not have to be followed if there is substantial authority in one of the main sources of tax law such as the IRC, court cases and proposed, temporary, and final regulations. If found the individual is liable for the tax, there is no penalty, but there is retroactive interest involved (Tarlton Law, 2009). Interpretation and Application A tax law starts the legislation process in the House of Representatives. A proposal is formed into a bill that goes the House of Ways and Means Committee that y the full House of Representatives. After approval of the House of Representatives the bill goes to the Senate Finance Committee and if passed is voted on by the full Senate. Tax Return Position Paper free essay sample Position Tax law was established in order to govern tax transactions and events. The primary source of tax law is the internal revenue code, which was established in the year 1939, and has been revised multiple times since then. In addition to information regarding company income tax, employment tax, and other pertinent tax options. The legislative process is also a primary source of tax law, which is initiated in the House of Representatives, where new tax bills can be proposed. Once a proposed bill makes it to the House of Representatives, they can vote to decide whether or not to incorporate the proposed tax bill. Treasury regulations can help with the understanding of the application of internal revenue code provisions. As a secondary source of tax law, citations to treasury regulations are used in order to substantiate propositions and help locate underlying authority. Administrative pronouncements, such as revenue rulings and letter rulings, pertain to consequences issued in relation to tax transactions and tax practice. We will write a custom essay sample on Tax Return Position Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Judicial decisions, which are also significant in reference to tax law, involve decisions made by judges on tax related laws and their subsequent consequences. Substantial authority refers to the factor of whether or not a penalty will be applied in the event a taxpayer did not adhere to the guidelines of tax law. Normally, taxpayers would be subject to a penalty if they do not adhere to the tax law according to the internal revenue code, although if there is substantial authority, that penalty would not be incurred. The title of having substantial authority allows for the taxpayer to have special treatment in regards to the tax ruling in question. The courts, as well as the Internal Revenue Service play a major role in the application and interpretation of tax law. It is the duty of the court system to ensure that tax laws are properly applied in relation to litigation claims that may arise into legal matters. Decisions by the court can be exercised via a regular decision or a memorandum decision, both which hold the same authoritative power. The small cases procedure, however, does not hold the same authoritative power as a regular decision and a memorandum decision because the case is not heard by a judge. In the even a tax payer decides to use the small cases procedure, not only is the claim at a maximum of $50,000 for the year, but the case is not heard by a judge, and is instead heard by commissioners. The taxpayer is not required to have an attorney to represent them in order to have their case heard, and the decision is not published like that of a regular decision or a memorandum decision. Some decisions made by the court are able to be appealed. In the event that a taxpayer has requested an appeal, they would be able to do so where the case was originally claimed. IN order to be able to have a case heard by the U. S. Supreme Court, the case must have great importance. If a taxpayer is able to have their case heard in the U. S. Supreme Court, the decision of the court would overrule all other decisions that had been previously made by other courts in the taxpayers’ jurisdiction. The majority of tax court is nationally represented, and does not take into account the location of the place of the businesses involved, nor does it take into account the location of the place in which the residence of the taxpayers or any of the people that are involved in the case. Tax court serves as a uniform entity which provides fair and sound decisions based on the laws and regulations at hand.

Core Knowledge and Skills for Primary Mental Health Care Practice

Core Knowledge and Skills for Primary Mental Health Care Practice Free Online Research Papers Depression has been described as the common cold of mental health problems (Hotopf, 1996) and 90 % of depression is managed in primary care (Mann, 1992). The National Service Framework (NSF, DoH, 1999) identifies cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) as a major component of primary mental health care services, as it has a strong effectiveness research tradition (Salkovskis, 2002). CBT is a short term, structured form of therapy that provides clients with a rationale for understanding their problems (Blackburn Davidson, 1990). CBT requires a sound therapeutic alliance; the therapist should demonstrate warmth, genuine regard and competence (Beck, 1995). It follows the premise that psychological problems arise as a direct consequence of faulty patterns of thinking and behaviour (Maphosa et al, 2000). In mild depression the person ruminates on negative themes and CBT examines the effects of people’s thoughts on how they feel and what they do (J. Williams, 1997). It is now com mon to draw out the central elements of CBT to offer a more condensed intervention (Teasdale, 1985). Self-help materials are usually given to clients as homework (Richards et al, 2003). Bower et al (2001) found that self-help techniques can have considerable impact on a broad range of mental health problems. Guided self-help should be considered for clients with mild depression. It is a collaborative form of psychotherapy; the client learns new skills of self-management that they can put into practice in their daily lives (DoH, 2003). The following analysis examines the role-play of a primary care graduate mental health worker (PCGMHW). These workers were part of a government plan to enhance mental health services in primary care (DoH, 2000). Throughout this analysis strengths and weaknesses of the therapist will be discussed and what improvements can be made to the demonstrated clinical skills. Introduction to the session The objective of assessment is to find out about the difficulties that are impacting upon a client’s life and to inform decisions of interventions to be offered, taking into consideration the client’s own perceptions of the nature and cause of the problems (Maphosa et al, 2000). The referral letter can lead preliminary decisions about the assessment; usually the information provided in the letter is quite restricted so an assessment is necessary to build on this (Maphosa et al, 2000). The initial meeting is a critical part of the session as this is when the therapeutic relationship begins (Newell, 1994). The therapist began the role-play by greeting the client and introducing herself and then ascertained by what name the client preferred to be known. She immediately gave an overview of the session, as small talk may prolong the client’s anxiety around divulging personal information to a stranger (Newell, 2000). She proceeded to explain her role though only briefly and did not explain comprehensively the nature of self-help and in what way she would act as a facilitator to these sessions; this is a crucial part of acquainting the client to the sessions, as the client may be unaware of why his referral was made and what is to be expected throughout the session. A therapist would want to remove uncertainty in this situation as it detracts the client’s attention away from the session ( Newell, 2000). Session length was clarified; this helps to reduce anxiety and to give the client the opportunity to prioritise the issues to be discussed (Newell, 2000). An agenda was touched on at the start, though the therapist ought to have outlined the procedures to be followed during the process and exactly why the information was needed and to what purpose it would be put. This helps motivate the client to cooperate and improves trust (Purtilo Haddad, 1996). Within primary care the number of sessions a client should expect is six, recent studies have illustrated that this had comparable outcomes to 12 sessions (Newman et al, 1997). However, this, and how often future sessions would be was not made clear to the client. In forthcoming sessions the therapist will incorporate this information, as Barkham et al. (1996) determined that improvements were more rapid when limits were placed on the number of sessions. An essential part of initiating the client to the session is establishing the rules around confidentiality. The client should feel that their privacy is respected but also understand that confidence needs to be broken if theirs or someone else’s safety is at risk (Davies, 1997). In this role-play the client was advised of issues in relation to confidentiality, he was made aware of when confidentiality may be broken and why notes were being taken and assured they would be kept locked away. Note taking should not interfere with the communication process (Munro et al, 1989). The therapist demonstrated good verbal interaction while note taking. Information Gathering and Questioning Style The body of the interview is aimed at attaining the objectives. In this role-play the therapist is interested in learning the causes of the client’s presenting depression and how it is affecting his daily routine. The interview is more than an information gathering process: it is the first stage of active management. This may be the first opportunity for a patient to tell his full story or to be taken seriously, and the experience should be cathartic in itself (Davies, 1997). Open questions are used at the beginning to get a general idea of the client’s difficulties at that time, these encourage clients to talk and to concentrate on the present situation and help establish a rapport (Davies, 1997). This was demonstrated when the therapist asked for the client’s view on how he sees life at the moment and if he thought the term depression â€Å"fits† with how he feels. Such questioning allows the client free rein to discuss issues of relevance to him. The therapist should proceed to specific open questions (Newell, 2000). These include the 4 Ws, the core essentials for a structured interview. These are questions used to identify ‘what’, ‘where’, ‘with whom’ and ‘when’ does the client notice his problems becoming worse or easier (Briddon et al, 2003). In this role-play they are not laid out in such an obvious, rote manner. For example, â€Å"do you have a good relationship with your manager?†, â€Å"how’s everything with your partner?† are used to identify if he is having any social or personal relationship difficulties. Questions relating to support networks give an understanding of how the patient organises his life and whether he has close confiding relationships. While knowledge of his occupation gives an insight into his life style, financial security and network of relationships. Lack of these has been found to be vulnerability factors for depre ssion (Brown Harris, 1978). In this situation the therapist asked about these issues to determine if anything else was impacting on the client’s depression. Throughout the role-play the therapist used the client’s answers to form the next question; this makes the session more interactive and not too formal. Clients with depression do not want to have to answer lists of questions but want an opportunity to talk comfortably, and the therapist needs a chance to listen carefully (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Sessions delivered within a cognitive behavioural framework aim to elicit the client’s difficulties in terms of the autonomic, behavioural and cognitive (ABC) aspects surrounding depression. At this stage the therapist incorporates closed questions. These are used to elicit specific information and form a checklist of symptoms often found in depression (Davies, 1997), such as poor appetite, sleep, concentration (France Robson, 1997). The effect these have on his work and home life and any other problems which may be contributing factors to the overall picture (France Robson, 1997). The triggers for depression vary, for some there will be a clear reason but for others the reasons are less clear (Briddon et al, 2003). During the role-play the therapist asks questions about â€Å"talk of redundancy at work†, this is done in a circuitous way, e.g., â€Å"so it’s problems at work, that feeling of stress, would that be right?†, rather than directly asking the client if he thinks this is the trigger. In future situations it would be preferable to do so as it would further integrate the client into the session. Garland et al (2002) highlight key questions to establish the presence of reduced and unhelpful activity. The therapist in this role-play asks, â€Å"is there anything†¦you’ve stopped doing?† â€Å"have you started doing anything†¦more than you would have before?† Asking such questions helps the client begin to identify his own vicious circle of depression (Garland et al, 2002). This process of starting with open questions, then asking specific open questions and then closed questions is described as ‘funnelling’ (Briddon et al, 2003). To get to the key thoughts that the client is having about his present situation the therapist introduces Socratic questioning, which is aimed at guided discovery (Padesky, 1993). The client mentions that he feels useless and a failure, the thera pist pursue this thought and asks, â€Å"if people did think you were a failure what would that mean for you?† In future sessions the therapist would examine these thoughts further with a view to helping the client challenge his negative thoughts, however, that was out of the scope of this role-play. At times the therapist was leading the client in his answers, e.g., â€Å"so it could be possible you’re feeding off everyone else’s fears?† rather than guiding him to his answers, she could be more mindful of the Socratic technique in further sessions. In this role-play the therapist asks about suicide and self-harm utilising a frank approach, while letting the client know that these thoughts are common. Dexter and Wash (1995) advocate considering all clients with depression as potentially suicidal. Such thoughts are common in people with mental health problems and can be frightening, sufferers are often relieved to find someone to share with and to learn that these thoughts are common (Davies, 1997). The therapist could have pursued this area further, although she asked the client if he felt he had a good support network, this does not necessarily mean that he had someone he felt he could confide in. Problem Formulation When the therapist was satisfied that the relevant areas had been covered she ‘recapped’ what she considered to be pertinent information. The aim of the interview is to pull together the idiosyncratic components of the problem, to identify problem triggers and the overall impact so that the therapist and client are able to consider the next steps (Maphosa et al, 2000). Giving the client a clear conceptualisation of their problem has been associated with beneficial clinical outcome (Power Brewin, 1997). At this point the therapist asked â€Å"do you think that’s everything, is there anything else that’s causing you stress?† and â€Å"do you think that fits with how you feel at the moment?† This allows the client to reflect on the information he has given the therapist and confirm whether the therapist has accurately captured it. Once formulated the effects of the client’s problems should be illustrated to the client using a simple experiment (France Robson, 1997). In this role-play the therapist introduced the client to the ABC model using a diagram (see appendix 1). The ABC model presents a visual representation of the meaning of emotion for both therapist and client and imparts a depiction of the client’s individual experience of emotion. It illustrates the ‘vicious circle’ of depression (Briddon et al, 2003). In the role-play the therapist explained to the client in what ways the different aspects impact on each other. This association crucially enhances the client’s self-esteem and removes a sense of exclusion (France Robson, 1997). The rationale of how depression comes about and how it can be treated can bring a feeling of control and hope (Blackburn Davidson, 1990). Explanations of psychological symptoms and problems likely to be useful to clients include explanation of feedback mechanisms between thoughts, emotions and behaviour (Cape et al, 2000). In the role-play the therapist also looks at the effects the environment has on the model, as something in the environment is quite often the trigger for depression. Decision Making Once the links between A, B and C had been established the therapist introduced possible service options as a way to break the cycle of depression. However, these were only briefly introduced, e.g., â€Å"a good place to start would be your behaviour†¦maybe phone a friend.† In future sessions the therapist will explain why behaviour is a good place to start, as a rationale for interventions enhances greater client involvement and understanding of their difficulties (Newell, 2000). One of the main reasons that therapists’ instructions are not followed is due to inadequate communication skills (Sanson-Fisher Maguire, 1980). Sleep hygiene, looking at negative thought patterns and problem solving were also offered as interventions. These are technical terms that could have been clarified further. Clear problems evolve from this; if the client cannot understand what is being explained to him important information may be missed (Purtilo Haddad, 1996). It also ex cludes the client from the collaborative process of his own therapy. Furthermore, the client may feel his situation is not being taken seriously (Cassell, 1982). The therapist can further confuse the client by jumping from one topic to the next and failing to summarise or to ask the client to do so (Purtilo Haddad, 1996). Anti-depressant medication had been discussed earlier in the session, further consideration was not given to this as an intervention as the client had decided not to pursue that option and NICE guidelines (2004) do not recommend anti-depressant medication for mild depression. While outlining the service options in future sessions, the therapist will give the client more time to consider each one as thinking processes are slowed and negatively biased in depression (Garland et al, 2002); and give the client an opportunity to feedback on each option. In the role-play the client was given a copy of the ABC-E model and the different service options available, this augments what has been discussed in the session, as it is unlikely that the client will have retained in detail what had been discussed (Garland et al, 2002). At the end of the session the therapist gave the client self-help booklets on sleep problems and information on depression, it was not within the scope of the role-play to discuss these booklets in detail, however, information in this format helps the client focus on issues discussed in session and areas of his life that he would like to prioritise. Use of self-help materials is helpful in enhancing suggestions for change (Kupshik Fisher, 1999). Interpersonal Skills Rogers (1967) posited that the fundamental therapist manner of empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard are both necessary and sufficient for implementing therapeutic change in clients. Empathy signifies to the client that the therapist has understood the feeling the client is experiencing. Balint (1969) described patient-centred medicine as â€Å"understanding the patient as a unique human being†. Concepts such as ‘user involvement’ and ‘patient empowerment’ became active in health policy during the late 1980s and 1990s (e.g., NHS Executive, 1996). Patients are considered to be active ‘consumers’ who have the right to a certain standard of treatment with access to information and should be actively involved in their treatment (Mead Bower, 2000). In patient-centred care developing a therapeutic alliance is a prerequisite instead of an ’extra’ and enhances the sense of partnership and increases client perce ption of the relevance or potency of an intervention (Mead Bower, 2000). Throughout the role-play the therapist makes reference to therapist and client collaboration when identifying the different service options available, she continually emphasised that the options would be something worked on together. Engaging in a positive therapeutic relationship allows the client to feel free to discuss emotional problems; an association of positive therapeutic relationship with clinical outcome is one of the most robust findings in psychological treatment research (Horvath Luborsky, 1993). Interpersonal skills are a crucial way of building on the therapeutic relationship. Therapist factors are active listening, empathy and a genuine concern for the client (Horvath Luborsky, 1993). There are a number of ways of doing this. Reinforcement throughout the session is a beneficial way of ensuring relevant information. The therapist used such remarks as ‘yes’, and minimal prompts, e.g., head nods; this lets the client know that a particular piece of information is important (Burnard, 1999) and that the therapist is listening (Krasner, 1958). Reflection is a useful way of prompting the client for more information. The therapist used this process of repeating back the last few words or phrase that the client had used. Such remarks should be highlighted straight away and not kept for later on in the session as they may have lost their relevance (Burnard, 1999). The therapist maintained good eye contact throughout the session. Eye contact has a role in regul ating and controlling the course of communication and is an important signal for turn taking in conversation. It is also a further way of indicating that the therapist is listening (D. Williams, 1997). Structure to interviewing style is intended as a guideline, it can be confusing for a client if they cannot continue on a certain topic but are asked about a number of topics (Dillon, 1990). During this role-play the therapist got side tracked on occasions, e.g., she asked about his work situation and sleep at different points in the session instead of following through at the time these problems were mentioned. Throughout the interview process the therapist should ask for feedback from the client; it shows respect for the client in addition to making sure the therapist has all the relevant information, client understanding and reinforces the therapeutic relationship (Newell, 2000). Interviewing clients involves asking about feelings, thoughts, beliefs and behaviour, and relating the responses to the difficulties (Maphosa et al, 2000). These are quite complex issues and the therapist should ensure she has an idea of timings for each section so that some points aren’t discu ssed in a rushed manner, in this role-play the client didn’t leave enough time to discuss the service options, this is something to consider for subsequent sessions. It is also important to highlight to the client that the way he is feeling is quite common, to remove feelings of isolation. The therapist utilised this approach throughout the session. Information gathering should represent sufficiency and necessity. There should be sufficient information to glean necessary information from the client to ensure relevant client details are collected in terms of maintenance of their difficulties if interventions are to be successful (Newell, 2000). In the role-play the therapist was able to elicit key factors surrounding the client’s depression, such as stress at work. However, she lost sight of the structure at times, and although structure is used as a general guide, problems could arise if key ideas aren’t followed through, leading to inaccurate information and, therefore, inaccurate interventions. Awareness of using leading questions will also be something to take on board in the future, no one knows the client’s problems better than the client and the therapist doesn’t want to speak for the client, as this would not be beneficial for either the client or therapist. The importance of not using tec hnical language can’t be emphasised enough, this can seriously hamper the therapeutic relationship and the client may disengage from the process. The relationship between the autonomic, behavioural and cognitive aspects of depression was illustrated well. It is essential that clients understand the maintaining factors of depression or they will not appreciate how the vicious circle of depression can be broken. In future sessions the therapist could go into more detail of how depression is maintained as it is very common for client’s to misinterpret situations in ways that undermine their coping, as summarised by Epictetus, â€Å"Men are disturbed not by things, but the views they take of them† (Enright, 1997)}. Research Papers on Core Knowledge and Skills for Primary Mental Health Care PracticeThree Concepts of PsychodynamicInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Project Managment Office SystemMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Relationship between Media Coverage and Social andIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalGenetic EngineeringTwilight of the UAW

Where an employee can reasonably expect to have privacy in the Research Paper

Where an employee can reasonably expect to have privacy in the workplace - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that technology has played a very important role especially in the world of business. Many business companies are applying different forms of technology with the aim of enhancing daily operations. This has somehow resulted in a lot of competition in the world of business. Electronic surveillance is one of the fields of technology that has been used by businesses in the world. This state of the art technology has been used with the aim of enhancing security in the different business setting. Electronic surveillance has also been a system which has reduced the threat that has been posed by terrorism in the past few years. Businesses have experienced a lot of achievements and this can be related to the aspect of applying electronic surveillance in the business world. However, there have been some controversial issues in regard to electronic surveillance of employees in the business setting. There are a variety of ethical considerations that sh ould be made before adopting and fully implementing the art of electronic surveillance for employees in any business setting. As much as electronic surveillance has been embraced in the world of business, there are some important considerations that should be made on the part of the employee. Some researchers view the art of electronic surveillance as an intrusion to privacy because there are some cases in which employees require privacy in the workplace. Privacy is an important aspect of good human relations.... Explain whether it makes a difference if an employee is in an open area or in an enclosed office. There is a difference between the locations in which an employee is found within the business setting. Employees have two kinds of settings in the work place. One of the locations is the open area. This is a location where employees can freely communicate and it is subdivided by desks for every employee. Electronic surveillance cameras are fixed in most open areas. The other kind of setting is the enclosed offices within the businesses. Most of these are reserved for the managers and other members of higher management. Questions have been raised as to whether there is a difference between the open areas and the enclosed offices. As much as there is a difference, the enclosed offices should be fixed with surveillance cameras as well (Slobogin 2007). The main reason to this is that it would prevent situations where employees are manipulated by top managers within the businesses. The enclos ed offices should be treated just as the open area. As much as it is important to monitor employees at the lower level of management, it is also important to monitor employees at the higher management level of the organization. Most businesses are biased in that electronic surveillance is made for employees at the lower management level and not those at the higher management level. 3. Explain if Herman’s need to know whether his salespersons are honest is a sufficient ground for utilizing electronic surveillance. A business may prosper or fail and this may be as a result of the character exhibited by employees. Dishonesty is one of the ill characters that lead to the failure